Animal Welfare to Animal Rights Spectrum

Animal Welfare to Animal Rights Spectrum Although animal rights and animal welfare frequently fall on the same side of an issue, there is a fundamental difference between the two ideologies: the right of humans to use animals. The Right to Use Animals One of the basic tenets of animal rights is that humans do not have a right to use non-human animals for our own purposes, which include food, clothing, entertainment, and vivisection. This is based on a rejection of speciesism and the knowledge that animals are sentient beings. There are many who believe that humans do have a right to use animals for some purposes, but believe that animals should be treated better. This position is the animal welfare position. Example of Farmed Animals While the animal rights position seeks the elimination of the use of animals, the animal welfare position seeks more humane conditions for the animals. The difference between these two positions can be seen as applied to an issue like farmed animals. While the animal rights position would hold that humans do not have the right to slaughter and eat animals, the animal welfare position would be that the animals should be treated humanely before and during slaughter. The animal welfare position would not object to the consumption of animals but would seek the elimination of cruel factory farming practices such as confining calves in veal crates, confining pregnant sows in gestational stalls, and debeaking chickens. Animal rights advocates also oppose these cruel practices but seek to eliminate the consumption of animals and animal products. Unacceptable Uses To most supporters of the animal welfare position, some uses of animals are unacceptable because the human benefit is minimal compared to the amount of animal suffering involved. These usually include uses like fur, cosmetics testing, canned hunting, and dogfighting. On these issues, both the animal rights position and animal welfare position would call for the elimination of these uses of animals. Animal Issues Spectrum Like many other issues, there is a wide variety of positions on animal issues. One can imagine a spectrum with animal rights at one end, animal welfare in the middle, and the belief that animals do not deserve any moral consideration on the other end. Many people may find that their views do not fit completely in one box or the other or may find that their positions change depending on the issue. Other Terminology A variety of terms is used to describe positions on animal issues. These include animal protection, animal advocacy, and animal liberation. â€Å"Animal protection† and â€Å"animal advocacy† are usually understood to include both animal rights and animal welfare. Both terms embody the belief that animals should be protected and deserve some moral consideration. â€Å"Animal liberation† is usually used to describe an animal rights position, which would oppose any uses of animals for human purposes.

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buy custom Mind of a Killer essay Introduction Maniacs, or serial killers, are of particular concern in a civilized society. This is determined by the number of victims, sophistication of murders and panic among the population, which can be caused by the rumors about the appearance of a serial killer. Economic costs of neutralization of such criminals pose a serious problem to the government because they are significantly higher than the costs of law enforcement action in neutralization of other types of criminal activity (for example, a twelve-year search and arrest of Andrei Chikatilo cost the state about $14000 000 in 1990 prices) (Hickey, 2012). In modern conditions, the most important thing in practical terms is a typological approach to the study of serial killers, which facilitates identification of specific personality traits of individual groups of criminals, the characteristics of their before- and post-criminal behavior and its associated traces. Such serial killers as Jeffrey Dahmer, Andrei Chikatilo and Albert Fish are different enough to be contrasted, but similar enough to be compared. They are among the cruelest serial killers of all time, so their behavior traits and biography details are of crucial importance and should be remembered by everyone. Jeffrey Dahmer Jeffrey Dahmer is an American serial killer whose victims were 17 men and boys between 1978 and 1991. All crimes, except one, were committed in Milwaukee from 1987 to 1991 (Masters, 2007). Crimes of Dahmer were distinguished by exreme violence: the bodies of the victims were raped and eaten by him. As a child, Jeffrey was considered a very reclusive and introverted person who contacted a little with others. This fact made him alienated from his classmates at first, and then from army comrades, relatives and friends. Alienation plays a very important role in shaping the personality of a serial killer, as it gives rise to suspicion and hostility to the surrounding world (Thomas, 2010). It also fosters the development of infantilism, inability to empathize with other people, which contributes to the commission of crimes. Dahmers mother was very ill after the birth of Jeffrey; he saw this and blamed himself, giving rise to a feeling of guilt and inferiority, which also had a significant impact on Jeffrey. He felt unnecessary to his own parents, so he developed anxiety, which also promotes the formation of deviant behavior (Masters, 2007). The feeling of unnecessariness also leads to a lack of a sense of security, to the formation of a neurotic personality, and, respectively, to the fear of death. This is an important observation, which explains why serial killers are very difficult to commit suicide, though sometimes they extremely want it. Dahmer often tried to commit suicide, but he lacked the courage (Thomas, 2010). Dahmer experimented with animals, and he later admitted that the autopsies of the animals gave him a sense of power, superiority and domination from which he enjoyed. At the age 14, he kisses a neighbor boy and realizes his homosexual orientation (Masters, 2007). He had no chance to say this to anyone and was very ashhamed of his desires. This situation also affected the psyche of Dahmer very much. A feeling of alienation from others worsened, unconscious experiences continued to accumulate and demanded the output that Jeff carried out with the help of the dismemberment of the animals bodies (Thomas, 2010). When the feeling of alienation and unnecessariness reached its apogee, Dahmer killed his first victim. Andrei Chikatilo Andrei Chikatilo was born in Ukraine, in 1936. The facts about his childhood are almost unknown. Andrei Chikatilo commited 53 proved murders: 21 boys from 7 to 16 years, 14 girls from 9 to 17 years, and 18 adult girls and women (Hickey, 2012). It appears that the two circumstances slowed down his social advancement. Firstly, he caused a strong antipathy and rejection towards himself in many people. He himself said that he was verbally abused at work by everyone from a simple worker up to the chief. Secondly, he was a passive homosexual in the army and in the detention center, where he was under investigation for embezzlement. Chikatilo also suffered several injuries of the skull (Hickey, 2012). This also affected his personality and contributed to the development of irritability, nastiness, and intolerance. According to his temperament, he belonged to an epileptoid type of people with typical for this type cruelty and rancor. He was also a member of the Communist Party, but in connection with the arrest on charges of embezzlement, he was expelled from the party, losing thereby even such formal social recognition as a membership in the ranks of the ruling party (Hickey, 2012). Buy custom Mind of a Killer essay

Africa, India and its Neighbors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Africa, India and its Neighbors - Essay Example The Sahel covers a vast territory of land from west to east and passes through various prominent countries of Africa including Mauritania, Chad, Niger, Burkina Faso and Mali. The Sahel is situated 5, 400 km away from Atlantic Ocean in the west of Africa to the Red Sea which is situated in the east. The belt or the boundary is about 620 miles in width and covers an area of about 3, 053, 200 square km. the area of Sahel is composed of semi arid grassland, steppers, savannas and thorny shrubs that are lying between Sahara desert and Sudanian Savannas. As far as the topography of Sahel is concerned, it is flat having just 200 to 400 meters elevations. Here it is interesting to note that several mountain ranges and plateaus rise from this boundary commonly known as Sahel. However, these plateaus and mountain ranges are regarded as separate eco- regions because of the distinction in flora and fauna present there (Webster’s Online Dictionary, 2012). Source: (Caritas.Org, 2012) Answer 2: Niger River is the primary river as well as the exotic stream of West Africa with a length of about 4, 200km.Niger River ranks third in Africa just after the River Nile and the River Congo. It is believed that the name ‘Niger’ has its origin with Greeks. It is very interesting to note that Niger River is known by several other names based on its courses. The upper course is known as Joliba, central track is known as Isa Rghirren and Mayo Balleo while the lower stretch is called Quorra. The exotic streams of Niger River have significant impact on the settlements and ongoing trade activities in the region of Africa. Basically, Africa is an agricultural civilization. So, water from these streams is a need for crops’ cultivation. Moreover, this region does not have well developed road network to allow trade activities so trade activities are mostly carried through water ways. Agricultural as well as other commodities are transferred from one place to another thro ugh waterways. So exotic streams originate through River Niger offer transportation routes and in this way facilitate the trade. Last but not the least; the water of these streams is also used in washing, bathing and drinking purposes. Source: (Wikipedia, 2012) Answer 3: TAN- ZAM railways pass which is also known as Tazara or Uhuru Railway connects Kapiri Mposhi town in Zambia with Tanzanian seaport of Dar es Salaam. This railway pass was built in 1970 to 1975 and financed by China. This railway network was especially designed for trade purposes for Zambian productions, particularly copper products. It runs for 1,860 kilometers. So, this network offered economic incentive to the region. However, it is important to note that this railway network is just for trade purposes and definitely, it is not a tourist train. Moreover, railroads have significant value in the economic development of a country. Railways, as in case of TAN- ZAM pass and surely many others round the globe, provides great market for different goods that might be agricultural as well as industrial. Railways connect far going areas of the country and allow widespread business activities that directly contribute in the economic development of a country. Here it is also important to note that before the invention of automobiles, highways and planes, the only way to travel was railroads. Railroads were used to travel goods from one place to another. So, this sort of communication paved the way for unprecedented growth for a country especially at industrial level. Moreover, with the help of train networks people can also travel with great ease, comparatively, at an inexpensive rate. Answer 4: Kenya Tanzania Uganda Capital